HIstory #9 HIstory of Computers

What is an abacus?the first computer because, it was able to perform simple math calculations.
In 1936, Zuse invented this type of computer?the first freely programmable computer

Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.
In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?used by the US Navy for gunnery and ballistic calculations.

Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.

In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom? for the Census Bureau.
What does UNIVAC stand for?
universal Automatic Computer

In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?International Business Machines.
What is FORTRAN?The first successful high level programming language. FORTRAN: The IBA mathematical Formula Translating System.

Post a photo of the first mouse.
In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?By making them more user-friendly tool.
What is the significance of ARPnet?
was the first internet , was developed to protect the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers.
(Advaced Research Projects Agency Network.)

In 1971, Intel introduced this? Post a photo of it.
the first single chip microprocessor, the intel 4004.

In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.The first "memory disk" commonly called the "Floppy Disk" Because of its flexiblity.
In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?The first ethernet computer network.

Altair

Apple I

Apple II

TRS-80

Commodore PET

During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. Post photos of the Altair, Apple I, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET. Label each.

In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package? the HS-DOS computer operating system which was packages with the IBM PC

Post a photo of the Lisa computer.

In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?Xerox Corporation
What is GUI?Graphical user interface.

Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.
In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?Apple macintosh computer, GUI
The commercial only ran one time. When?1984, during the super bowl.
response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?the windows operating system
Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?
N/A
When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?
N/A
Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"?
N/A
Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.
N/A
Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?
Probably a little further than we are now, I don't believe there will be flying cars of anything as most people think. It takes so much longer to develop something mind-blowing than ten years.

History #8. History of Photography

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?by printing and photography innovations, printing presses could only publish from engravings or woodcuts until the 1880's

What is a camera obscura?was known to scholars and philosphers as a way to observe light. it is an optical devise that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen.

Post an example of a camera obscura.

How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?it was for the safe observation of solar eclipses and the phases of the moon.

From where did the photographic camera develop?from the portable box
Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?by Sir John Hershel, derived from the Greek words for light and writing.

Post an the first photograph. 

Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?Joseph Niepce

Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.
Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Daguerre, it made the image permanent, even though it became an instant craze, there was a growing need for means of duplicating images , which was not possible.

Post an example of a Calotype image.
Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?William Fox Talbot, the subject was exposed onto light-sensitive paper, producing a paper negative. from the negative an unlimited amount of duplicates could be made.

Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.
Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Frederick Scott Archer, it redused the exposure time to two or three seconds. and cost was significanlty less than the previous processes.

Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.

Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Richard maddox, made glass plates out of gelatin

Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish? he made pgotography accessible to all

Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.
In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
the invention of the flexible roll film sped up the process of recording multiple images.

What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?recieved a patent in 1888 for a camera designer the utilized the roll film, Eastman Kodak Comany.

Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.

How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?60 sec

What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
paved the way for motion picture photography.

Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.

What is the Zoopraxiscope?device used to project a series of images in successive phase of motion.

Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?he used a series of large cameras placed in a line, each being triggered by a thread as a hourse passed by.

In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?individual images to be captures and stored on a single film reel.

Post a photo of a motion picture projector.

What is a motion picture projector?it shines a light and magnifys the "moving picture" onto a screen for an audience.

   

 

History #7. The Linotype Machine

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter? 
Christopher Sholes.
What is a "stenographer"?
someone skilled in the transcription of speech

Post an example of Shole's typewriter.
Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
when beginning to pursue commercial development, he realized stenographers would be among the first and most important users.

 After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
it solved only part of his problem, it still took long to typeset and copy the words. bridge the gap between the typewriter and the printed page.

Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Mergenthaler
What is meant by "typesetting"?
commercially successful

Post an example of Linotype Machine. 
How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter? 
allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
making it possible for a small number of operators to set type for more pages on a daily basis
Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?

90 charcter keyboard
there was no shift key
therefore, uppercase letters has separate keys from lowercase letters. 
the arrangement of keys was based on letter frequency.

 Post an example of a Linotype slug.
What is a slug?
the assembled line of type is then cast as a single piece

Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
N/A
Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
allowed for faster typesetting than by hand

  

Logotypes

logotypes are emblems commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations, and even individuals to promote public recognition.
numerous inventions and techniques have contributed to the contemporary logo....including logo graphics languages,such as Egyptian hieroglyphics
cats of arms,watermarks and the development of the printing technology
as the industrial revolution developed in the 18th and 19th centuries,photography and lithography contributed to the boom of an advertising industry that integrated typography and imagery together on the page
as the time topography itself was undergoing a revolution of form and expression that expanded beyond the modest serif typefaces used in books
the art were expanding in purpose from expression and decoration of an artistic story telling nature to a different of brands and products that the growing middle classes were consuming
consultancies and trades groups in the commercial arts were growing and organizing by 1890 the US had 700 lithographic printing firms employing more than 8000 people
playful children books authoritative newspapers and conversational periodicals developed their ow visual and editorial styles for unique expanding audiences
as printing cost decreased literacy rates increased and visual styles changed the victorian decorative arts lead to an expansion of typographic styles and methods of representing businesses
by 1950 modernism has shed its roots as an avant grade artistic movement
the visual simplicity and conceptual clarity that were hallmarks of modernism as an artistic movement
less is more proved successful in the era of mass visual communications
important area of graphic design
logo are meant to represent companies brands or corporate identities and foster their immediate customer
real life situations do not stare at and analyze logo
see quick and glance
5 principles of logo design:

• simple:   
• memorable 
• timeless
• versatile 
• appropriate 

makes a logo design easily recognizable, versatile, and memorable good logo featured something unexpected or unique without being over drawn. 

works across a variety of media and applications.

how you position the logo should be appropriate for its intended audience.

Four color process: technique for printing with full color. (cmyk)

spot color: method of specifying and printing colors in which each color is printed with its own ink. spot color printing is effective when the printing matter contains only one to three different colors, but becomes more expensive for more color.

Pantone Matching System. 

Combination mark: are graphics with both text and a symbolized/icon that signifies the brand image that you wish to project for your company or organization.

iconic / symbolic: icon and symbols are compelling yet uncomplicated images that are emblematic of a particular company or product. 

wordmark/ lettermark: use a company name as a whole. lettermark is the initials

Stationary Package

stationary package: the printed pieced that company utilizes for communication purpose.

when establishing a business, it is important that all communications are well coordinated and that the message of the organization is presented consistently.

includes: business cards, letterhead, and envelope

business card: an essential part of a stationary design, when you hand someone your business card, they will form an immediate opinion about your company. your business card does more than tell people hot to find you: it says something about your company- its culture, and its goal. everything from the color, fonts, the texture, shade, and gloss

typically includes:

• logo
• company name
• employee name
• title
• phone number
• fax number
• email address
• company address 
• web address

design tips: 

• must be 2"x 3.5" 
• horizontal OR vertical orientation 
• check for accuracy
• check for unity... continuity among other pieces

letterhead: a printed piece of paper used to send letters, memos, etc.

includes:

• logo 
• company name
• company address 
• phone number 
• fax number 
• web address 

design tips:

• must be 8.5"X11" (standard)
• must be vertical orientation 
• must leave room to write the letter, memo, etc-big empty space in middle
• check for accuracy 
• check for unity 

Envelopes: the packaging the contains the letter/form when being mailed, standard 10

includes:

• logo 
• company name
• company address 

design tips:

• must be 9.9'x4.125'
• horizontal OR vertical orientation
• must leave room for recipient's address and stamp
• check for accuracy
• check for unity...continuity among other pieces

#17 research and inspiration

when making a logo it has to be simple and memorable. So as inspiration I thought of some really obvious logos. They gave me ideas for my logo.

Who doesn't know batman? And everyone loves a superhero.

McDonalds is all over the world it's practically the symbol of America, one that we shouldn't be proud of...but hey we're Americans so it's alright. Haha!

Assignment #16 inspiration

I think this is adorable. I love how it spirals down and  into other time periods. It really leads you through the history of dinosaurs. That's also a plus, dinosaurs rock.

I like how the line of the light bike lead your eyes across the piece but it's hard to look at the other things around it because it attracts so much attention. I would like to do something similar to it but more calm.