Typography

Define typography?
Using type , using different styles to work words into a design
Where did the word "typography" originate from?
greek language
What does typography involve?
selection of appropriate fonts and changing line spacing and moving fonts anything to make it visually pleasing
What is a typeface?
distinct designs- the symbols
What is another term for typeface?
characters
What is a character?

What is type style?
ex. bold, italics, helps keep everything unified and keeps type interesting
What does type style "create" within a design?

What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
middle of a character
What is a base line and what does it indicate?
Bottom of the letters
What is an ascender?
letters above the top line
What is a descender?
letter parts below the base line
Describe a serif?

How can the size of the typeface be identified?
point size that is typed in
What is a point?
what to measure type
How many points are in an inch?
72
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
larger measurement of type
How many points are in a pica?
12
What is body type and where can it be found?
type size, and ranges from 14 points and smaller. Shown in magazines, letters, reports, etc.
What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
The point number
What is display type and how is it used?
Large letters, ex. Headlines, sub headlines. Anything 14 points and higher
What is reverse type and when would it be used?
consists of white text on a darker color background, ex. stop signs. Reverse type calls your attention to the words.
What is a typeface classification?
Categorizing different type into a group
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
used in printing press, resembles calligraphy
Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?
creates a feeling of thick and thin lines just by adjusting pressure or how you hold the pen
When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on?
developed in 16th century, created to replace Blackletter
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?

When were formal scripts developed?
came from formal handwriting
When were casual scripts developed?
later time then formal scripts
Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?

When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
Give type more modern feel
Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
Shown like old style
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?

When did they become popular?
1920s
What does "sans serif" mean?

Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?
uniform, monotone
When was Slab Serif developed and why?
created for advertisements
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?
blocky text, thick letters
Describe Decorative typefaces?
Any other type
Why were they developed?
Give text a fun feel, made for specific themes
What are they best used for?

Review week 13

Element of Contrast
This Zebra sea horse type animal shows stark contrast with it's black stripes
against the white background and the sharp ends go great with sea horse grace.

Element of rhythm
This piece shows rhythm by using strong and weak elements to make a new picture

Element of Variety
The colors all blend together after being poured and mixed the slightest bit.
With so many vibrant shades it shows variety in the piece.

Element of Unity
In this picture all the elements come together as one building an indestructible team...

Element of Balance
it's not symmetrical but with rocks on both sides it seems complete regardless.

Element of proportion and scale
scale is used to show great contrast using another element rather than using color

Element of Repetition
most of them are the same with little differences

How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?
Hit the layer mask button in the layers box, it looks like a square with a little circle inswide it.
What two colors are used to create the mask?
Black and White
Describe the process of using a layer mask?
using the color black on a lyaer mask will cause the picture to disappear depending on where you paint. Using white will bring it back. The purpose is to always have the image you started out with just covered up so you can edit it anytime you want and that you wont have to go hunting for the picture again if you want another element from it.

Podcast #3 Elements of Design

Define principles of design?
Concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition.
What do the principles of design affect?
The message of the work
What is the principle of repetition?
Repeating some aspect or element throughout the entire document
Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
Ties the piece together; controls reader's eye and keeps their attention
What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
using bold font, thick lines, color etc
What should you avoid when working with repetition?
Don't repeat so much that it becomes annoying
What is the principle of proportion/scale?
the relative size and scale of various elements in a design
What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
Human body
How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
unusual scale
What is the principle of balance?
distribution of heavy and light elements on the same page
Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
Irregular shapes
What is another name for symmetrical balance?
Formal balance
Define symmetrical balance?
occurs when the weight of a composition is evenly distributed around a central vertical or horizontal axis
What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
informal balance
Define asymmetrical balance?
occurs when the eight of a composition is not evenly distributed around the axis
What is the principle of emphasis?
stressing a particular area of focus
What happens to a design that has no focus?
nothing stands out
What is a focal point and how is it created?
Area where the eye goes first; making one point more important than the other elements or points
How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
one
What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
contrasting with a primary element with three subordinate elements
What is the principle of unity?
the wholeness of composition
What three ways can unity be obtained?
1. Putting objects close to each other

2. Make things similar

3. Direct vision with a line that moves around the composition

What is the principle of variety?
Pertains to differences and diversity it's what makes it interesting
What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
Using color and shapes, difference of sizes etc
Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
Because if you have too much unity it can look boring and with too much variety it can look chaotic
What is figure?
A form or silhouette
What is another name for figure?
Positive space
What is ground?
Surrounding area of the figure
What is another name for ground?
Negative space
When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?
The abstract relationships of visual elements; meaning to take it as a whole
Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?
so they can understand the principles of unity, and variety
What is the principle of rhythm?
organized movement in time and space
How is rhythm achieved?
orderly repetition of any element
What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1. when elements are the same size/length

2. sense of movement

3. with a sequence of shapes or progression of steps

How does rhythm help a composition/design?
By controlling the viewer's eye movement
What is the principle of contrast?
occurs when two related elements are different
How can contrast help a design?
can draw the viewer's eye into the piece
What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
too much is confusing too little is monotone and boring
What is the key to working with contrast?
to make sure the differences are obvious
What are some common ways of creating contrast?
Colors, size, value, type, texture, shape, alignment etc